Application of multiplex PCR with histopathologic features for detection of familial breast cancer in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histologic specimens

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among females in the world. Age and familial history are the major risk factors for the development of this disease in Iran. Mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with a greatly increased risk for development of familial breast cancer. Frequency of BRCA mutations was identified in familial breast cancers (FBC) and non familial breast cancers (NFBC) by molecular genetics, morphological and Immunohistochemical methods. Thirty forth formalin fixed, paraffin embedded breast tissue tumors were analyzed from 16 patients with FBC and 18 patients with NFBC. Three 5382insC mutations detected by multiplex PCR in 16 familial breast cancers. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterona receptor (PR) and TP53. Comparison of ER, PR and TP53 exhibited high difference (P < 0.0001) in familial breast cancers and nonfamilial breast cancers. Our results demonstrated that 5382insC mutation, ER, PR, TP53, mitotic activity, polymorphism, necrosis and tubules can serve as the major risk factors for the development of FBC.Рак молочної залози (РМЗ) є найбільш частим видом злоякісних пухлин у жінок в світі. В Ірані вік та наявність захворювань РМЗ в найближчих родичів є головними факторами ризику розвитку цього захворювання. Мутації гена BRCA1/2 зумовлюють високий ризик розвитку протягом життя РМЗ. Досліджено частоти мутацій ВRCA в осіб з сімейним раком молочної залози (СРМЗ) та несімейним раком молочної залози (НСРМЗ) з Ірану. Для досягнення поставленої цілі використовували молекулярно-генетичні, морфологічні та імуногістохімічні методи. Проаналізовано 34 тканини пухлин, зафіксованих в парафіні, у 16 хворих СРМЖ і 18 хворих НСРМЖ. При дослідженні генів ВRCA1 та ВRCA2 з мультиплексним ПЦР ідентифіковано три мутації (538insC) в 16 хворих СРМЖ. Імуногістохімічним методом визначали рецептор естрогена (ЕР), рецептор прогестерона (РП) і ТР53. Порівняння ЕР, РП і ТР53 в тканинах СРМЖ та НРМЖ показало високі достовірні відмінності (Р < 0.0001). В результаті досліджень виявлено, що мутація 5382insC, ЭР, РП, TP53, мітотична особливість, поліморфізми, некроз і тубули можуть бути використані як головні фактори ризику розвитку СРМЖ.Отмечено, что рак молочной железы (РМЖ) является наиболее частым видом злокачественных опухолей у женщин в мире. В Иране возраст и наличие заболеваний РМЖ у ближайших родственников являются главными факторами риска развития этого заболевания. Мутации гена BRCA1/2 обусловливают высокий риск развития в течение жизни РМЖ. Исследованы частоты мутаций BRCA у лиц с семейным РМЖ (СРМЖ) и несемейным РМЖ (НСРМЖ) из Ирана. Для достижения поставленной цели использованы молекулярно-генетические, морфологические и иммуногистохимические методы. Проанализированы 34 ткани опухолей, зафиксированных в парафине, у 16 больных СРМЖ и 18 больных НСРМЖ. При исследовании генов BRCA1 и BRCA2 с мультиплексным ПЦР идентифицированы три мутации (5382insC) у 16 больных СРМЖ. Иммуногистохимическим методом определены рецепторы эстрогена (ЭР), прогестерона (РП) и ТР53. Сравнение ЭР, РП и ТР53 в тканях СРМЖ и НРМЖ показало высокие достоверные различия. В результате исследований выявлено, что мутация 5382insC, ЭР, РП, ТР53, митотическая особенность, полиморфизмы, некроз и тубулы можно использовать как главные факторы риска развития СРМЖ

Cracking in asphalt materials

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of both laboratory characterization and modelling of bulk material fracture in asphalt mixtures. For the purpose of organization, this chapter is divided into a section on laboratory tests and a section on models. The laboratory characterization section is further subdivided on the basis of predominant loading conditions (monotonic vs. cyclic). The section on constitutive models is subdivided into two sections, the first one containing fracture mechanics based models for crack initiation and propagation that do not include material degradation due to cyclic loading conditions. The second section discusses phenomenological models that have been developed for crack growth through the use of dissipated energy and damage accumulation concepts. These latter models have the capability to simulate degradation of material capacity upon exceeding a threshold number of loading cycles.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

A new hereditary colorectal cancer network in the Middle East and eastern mediterranean countries to improve care for high-risk families

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a very high incidence in the western world. Data from registries in the Middle East showed that the incidence of CRC is relatively low in these countries. However, these data also showed that CRC incidence has increased substantially over the past three decades and that a high proportion of cases are diagnosed at an early age (<50 years). In view of these findings, more attention should be paid to prevention. Because of the often limited financial resources, focused screening of individuals with hereditary CRC, in particular those with Lynch syndrome, appears to be the most cost-effective strategy. During recent meetings of the Palestinian Society of Gastroenterology and the Mediterranean Task force for Cancer Control (MTCC) in Jericho, and the Patient�s Friends Society of Jerusalem in Hebron the issue of hereditary CRC in the Middle East was discussed and the idea was conceived to establish a network on hereditary colorectal cancer (HCCN-ME) with the goal of improving care for high-risk groups in the Middle East and (Eastern) Mediterranean Countries. © 2017, The Author(s)

A new hereditary colorectal cancer network in the Middle East and eastern mediterranean countries to improve care for high-risk families

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a very high incidence in the western world. Data from registries in the Middle East showed that the incidence of CRC is relatively low in these countries. However, these data also showed that CRC incidence has increased substantially over the past three decades and that a high proportion of cases are diagnosed at an early age (<50 years). In view of these findings, more attention should be paid to prevention. Because of the often limited financial resources, focused screening of individuals with hereditary CRC, in particular those with Lynch syndrome, appears to be the most cost-effective strategy. During recent meetings of the Palestinian Society of Gastroenterology and the Mediterranean Task force for Cancer Control (MTCC) in Jericho, and the Patient�s Friends Society of Jerusalem in Hebron the issue of hereditary CRC in the Middle East was discussed and the idea was conceived to establish a network on hereditary colorectal cancer (HCCN-ME) with the goal of improving care for high-risk groups in the Middle East and (Eastern) Mediterranean Countries. © 2017, The Author(s)

Erratum to: A new hereditary colorectal cancer network in the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean countries to improve care for high-risk families (Familial Cancer, (2018), 17, 2, (209-212), 10.1007/s10689-017-0018-6)

Unfortunately, the 10th author name in the author group was published incorrectly in the original publication as �Keivan Maijdzadeh� the correct name is: Keivan Majidzadeh.Author name has also been corrected in the original publication. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2017

A micropillar array-based microfluidic chip for label-free separation of circulating tumor cells: The best micropillar geometry?

Introduction The information derived from the number and characteristics of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), is crucial to ensure appropriate cancer treatment monitoring. Currently, diverse microfluidic platforms have been developed for isolating CTCs from blood, but it remains a challenge to develop a low-cost, practical, and efficient strategy. Objectives This study aimed to isolate CTCs from the blood of cancer patients via introducing a new and efficient micropillar array-based microfluidic chip (MPA-Chip), as well as providing prognostic information and monitoring the treatment efficacy in cancer patients. Methods We fabricated a microfluidic chip (MPA-Chip) containing arrays of micropillars with different geometries (lozenge, rectangle, circle, and triangle). We conducted numerical simulations to compare velocity and pressure profiles inside the micropillar arrays. Also, we experimentally evaluated the capture efficiency and purity of the geometries using breast and prostate cancer cell lines as well as a blood sample. Moreover, the device’s performance was validated on 12 patients with breast cancer (BC) in different states. Results The lozenge geometry was selected as the most effective and optimized micropillar design for CTCs isolation, providing high capture efficiency (>85 %), purity (>90 %), and viability (97 %). Furthermore, the lozenge MPA-chip was successfully validated by the detection of CTCs from 12 breast cancer (BC) patients, with non-metastatic (median number of 6 CTCs) and metastatic (median number of 25 CTCs) diseases, showing different prognoses. Also, increasing the chemotherapy period resulted in a decrease in the number of captured CTCs from 23 to 7 for the metastatic patient. The MPA-Chip size was only 0.25 cm2 and the throughput of a single chip was 0.5 ml/h, which can be increased by multiple MPA-Chips in parallel. Conclusion The lozenge MPA-Chip presented a novel micropillar geometry for on-chip CTC isolation, detection, and staining, and in the future, the possibilities can be extended to the culture of the CTCs

Structural design of roadway shoulders. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Engineering and Highway Operations Research and Development, McLean, Va.Mode of access: Internet.Author corporate affiliation: Resource International, Inc., Columbus, OhioReport covers the period Sept 1982 - Jan 1986Subject code: CDFFSubject code: CDGSubject code: NCMSubject code: NRLCSubject code: WOB*CSubject code: WOBH

A Compact Multi-Band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for C and X Bands Using Defected Ground Structure

A compact multi-band multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation is proposed for C and X bands applications. The antenna consists of two trapezoidal-shaped patches printed on FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm and compact size of 17 mm×42 mm. Defected ground structure (DGS) is wisely embedded in antenna body to reduce the mutual coupling between the antenna elements. This modification suitably enhances the isolation by 30dB in C-band extended from 6.6 GHz to 7.6 GHz and by 17 dB in X-band between 8.3 GHz to 10 GHz. Moreover, five meander line rectangular patches are properly included to further improve the mutual coupling and eliminate the antenna size increment, simultaneously. The aforementioned meander lines also improve impedance bandwidth of the antenna as well as impedance matching over the entire frequency band. Close agreement of simulated and measured results confirm the antenna outperformance. Design, simulation, and performance analysis of the proposed antenna is discussed in detail